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directed by Jun Ichikawa, 2004, based on a short story by Haruki Murakami

It’s a little bit difficult to write about anything Murakami without even friends lining up in defense of the extremely capable author (I stress that this came down taste and not skill—maybe I seek less subtle hand-wringing, I don’t know). And when the pink-cased DVD was passed under my nose, the two sets of four stars on the front and three sets out back set off a hesitant curiosity. I thought, maybe if I condense my experience of Murakami within seventy five minutes with the added help of visual metaphors and a cinematographer faithful in the neutral tones suggested by Murakami’s style, perhaps I would understand not only why this film was ‘near as dammit perfect’, but how Murakami tells a story from beginning to end.

I don’t think I have ever gone further than twenty pages of a Murakami book, and I recall disappearing when Murakami was just about to describe a cat in an alley. From the second hand synopses I have come across, Murakami’s style can either be consuming or suffocating, but as a pedestrian critic, I took the fence for this film. In Tony Takitani, we see the Japan of the author—toning down the neon and LED light of our mainstream perceptions of Japan’s urban life, and in place of those, crafting muted fairytales of a paler and more lonesome humanity, revealing that all of us, audience included, are victims of our eccentricities.

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Tony Takitani (Issey Ogata) is a lonely illustrator named after an American that his father, a traveling trombonist, knew, and this Western souvenir alienated him from people who didn’t understand what the name meant.  Though they would meet once in a while, Tony grew up detached from his widowed father, living life hunched over his solo meals, his desk, and his bicycle. Tony, now nearing middle-age, meets Eiko (Rie Miyazawa), a woman fifteen years younger than him, and marries her five dates later, airing out his loneliness momentarily—anticipating the fear of its return and then forgetting it was ever there.

Short as the film was, given the way it had been narrated (that is, as the author would be translated), the cinematic time for this film was immensely slow. The shots were careful, curving gently around Tony’s face as if unwilling to upset him. The laborious and indulgent breathing of Tony’s lonely life are like beautiful scenes from a View-Master, and each short, uncelebrated moment in Tony’s life moves as though there are pages ripped out without anyone noticing. Like in a play, the actors deliberately stay in place, slyly winking, as the camera takes us into the black void where it can begin again.

This black void is also found in the occasional interruption of the narrator by the characters, whose substitute narration of the ‘he said, she said’ can feel like an invasion of privacy, not on their end but on ours.

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The characters are talking to us without the means to address us. The narrator explains the fate Tony’s father, by showing how he shifts his bones to meet the concrete floor of a prison, and suddenly, this character says, “was as slim as a single strand of hair”, seeking sympathy in the knowledge that we are watching. Later on, Tony’s wife leans on his chest as she explains herself before they sleep, and when she narrates to us, I can’t tell who is being observed. Then, much later, Tony lies on the carpeted floor of his wife’s emptied out dressing room, imprisoned by her loss, the way his father had been imprisoned. Again, knowing we are watching.

If they didn’t know, they wouldn’t pull us by our collars to show us the very spots they had created to elicit an emotion from us: the collapse of a stack of onions in a supermarket, the slow-motion breaking of glass that followed Tony’s confrontation over his wife’s spending habits, the piano to signal extended bouts of pity, or the script that very often felt like a collection of aphorisms, delivered slowly so that we might consume the meaning before the sentence ends and leave a tear as a period.

I understand the four stars, and I stress once more that I respect the skill of Murakami and of course, Ichikawa. But like I also said, it really comes down to taste.

It’s a beautiful story. But to me, Tony Takitani is no longer a short story, no longer a film. It is theater, and it knows we are sitting there. And without being able to come down from the stage, the film can never be real life, at least, not with broken glass and not with so much beauty.

Nora Ephron came to be defined by the melding of authentic comedic and romantic sentiments in a series of films that took place squarely in a world audiences recognized and felt comfortable in. Her most successful efforts as a screenwriter or director (or both) were funny, heartfelt, and most importantly, felt real.

Layered inside those poignant romantic comedies that connected with large audiences (When Harry Met Sally, Sleepless In Seattle, You’ve Got Mail) are singular themes that have been prevalent in Ephron’s work since her early writing efforts. Ephron’s signature craft of humor and romance is resting on a foundation of survival and crisis, two things Ephron had experienced not only in her own personal life but also something she explored in her first screenplay, Silkwood.

Released in 1983, Silkwood is a well-paced character driven film based on the novel of the same name. It is the true story of Karen Silkwood, a nuclear plant worker in Oklahoma, who takes on the responsibility of exposing unethical and illegal activity at the nuclear plant and the ensuing harassment, physical danger, and emotional strain Karen experiences.

Silkwood marks the first of several collaborations between Ephron and actress Meryl Streep (Silkwood, Heartburn, Julie & Julia) and director Mike Nichols (Silkwood, Heartburn.) Silkwood operates in the same dramatic atmosphere as the 1979 film, Norma Rae starring Sally Field as well as predating the successful Steven Soderbergh/Julia Roberts 2000 film, Erin Brockovich (interesting note, all three films have titles which are the main female protagonist name.) All three films share strong female protagonists, rallying in the face of serious personal risk in the name of doing what’s right not for their own best interests but for the collective benefit of those unable or unwilling to stand up for themselves.

Silkwood is seeped in cigarette smoke and deep blue collars. Simple folk swapping work shifts in factory break rooms, sharing cigarettes and ham sandwiches, and blowing out birthday candles next to plutonium fuel rod stations. The film is populated with the great American working class born out of the end of the Second World War. A class of people inching closer to their extinction as the rest of the country prepares to enter a new age of business and greed in the early 80’s.

Ephron, Streep, and Nichols do not present Karen’s journey through a prism of purity, honor and nobility but rather in authentically crowded emotional realities of a flawed woman surviving on her own instinct of truth and morality. Karen smokes too much, takes pills, has a fractured relationship with her ex husband and children and struggles to maintain a domestic relationship with her boyfriend Drew and roommate Dolly. Karen’s own dysfunctions are as real as the dangerous practices at the nuclear plant. The stakes of the physical threat of exposure to radiation that Karen accuses her employers of ignoring are matched by surviving the exposure to the human drama at Silkwood’s core.

Karen’s universe is populated by what has become her immediate family – boyfriend Drew (a wonderful Kurt Russell) and lesbian roommate Dolly (played by an equally impressive Cher.) Russell’s baby faced Drew is a hunk of Oklahoma/Texas good-ole’boy. Russell nails the subtle charisma of Drew, down to the way he devilishly side steps domestic flair ups between Karen and Dolly in the kitchen. Like a lot of these types of characters, Drew’s good nature and support is predicated upon things staying the same. Drew is happy at work, happy fixing up cars, and happy to share his life with Karen. Drew’s world is small and manageable. Drew has difficulty accepting Karen’s decision to fight the plant and its managers – Drew sees the potential problems and would rather leave things well enough alone. This strain ultimately leads to his and Karen’s split – the love is still there, but Karen had to make a choice. She chooses to fight, and Drew flees, leaving both of them feeling abandoned and alone.

Cher’s subtle and powerful turn as Karen’s lesbian roommate, Dolly, almost steals the film. Within the film Dolly provides much needed comic flair – a sense of lightness among the serious circumstances of the story. A quasi-closeted lesbian, Dolly slyly professes her love for Karen in a genuine private moment between the two women. Ultimately, Dolly represents the ideals that Karen is fighting for. Not being afraid to stand up to something greater than you and demand proper treatment and respect.

As the story progresses and Karen journeys deeper into her quest for exposing the truth, the film does not ascend into a full on thriller. Instead the film continues to push the emotional stress of Karen and those around her.

The pacing of the film stumbles a bit in the final act – with Director Nichols seemingly not certain how to tie up the ultimate tragic end of Karen’s life and the film.

Karen Silkwood died under mysterious circumstances. She was driving alone late at night, on a deserted road on her way to turn over incriminating documents to a New York Times reporter. Officially, Karen died from injuries sustained in a single car crash. The film suggests that she was forced off the road by an approaching car. Given that no documents were found in her vehicle, leaves one to wonder if in fact those threatened by Karen’s act of morality were willing to go that far.

The film ends with a close-up of Karen Silkwood’s real gravestone. A final moment of reality in a film that achieves something truly special; an authentic and genuine reflection of human drama.

*Robert Lyren is a FIlm & Video Director. He is also the head of Film & Television Department at the American School of Bangkok, Thailand.

I am clearly not the target demographic of Hope Springs, the latest romantic comedy directed by David Frankel (The Devil Wears Prada, Marley and Me) starring Meryl Streep and Tommy Lee Jones as an old couple seeking to resuscitate their dead, sex-less marriage, but I fell for some of its geriatric charms anyway. Vanessa Taylor’s script, like this year’s The Best Exotic Marigold Hotel, aimed to tap into the underserved above-50 audience with its elderly jokes and forays into post-midlife sexual awkwardness. But like its mature characters, it also treats the subjet of sex with a little more sophistication and grace as it views it through the lens of a thirty-year old marriage, depicting it as the ultimate expression of appreciation and love. And I can imagine, or at least the movie helped me to imagine, that couples who have lasted as long as they have are in short supply of those, as the magic of young infatuation fades and previously sacred rituals become hollow, meaningless routines.

This isn’t a new genre for Meryl Streep: her other recent romantic comedy It’s Complicated also milked old-age sex of all its comic potential. In It’s Complicated, she played a divorced, aged woman who starts an affair with her ex-husband while at the same time dating (and of course, having sex) with her architect. In Hope Spings, she turns the tables around and portrays a woman named Kay who longs for physical intimacy (again, sex) and all the emotional attachments it necessarily implies. Her marriage has gotten so lifeless that she sleeps in a different room from her husband, the only physical contact they have is when he kisses her on the cheek (more like momentarily rubbing his lips across it) before leaving for work, and the only activity they seem to do is her cooking for him his breakfast and supper. Streep here is, in turns, hilarious and moving. She is able to communicate the distance and loneliness Kay feels simply through a longing stare or a pensive sigh. In fact, much of what needs to be said can be found in these small moments, where words are not needed to express her yearning for their younger, more romantic selves.

Tommy Lee Jones plays her husband Arnold, a raucous, ill-tempered man who seems content to just wait out his days until they go by. He doesn’t experience the same pangs as his wife; he has resigned himself to his life’s to his twilight years that he stripped off of any luster. He spends his days waking up, going to work, going home, having dinner, watching golf on TV, and sleeping ad infinitum. No touching, no hugging, no sex. It is not a surprise that Streep then enrolled the two of them in an intensive marriage counseling program ran by a certain Dr. Feld (Steve Carrell): she’s been living with a robot.

Dr. Feld, as played by Carrell, gives off a deceitful aura — he’s a little bit too sterile and detached, and his gaze pierces you in all the wrong ways, like he’s looking for a secret that he can use to manipulate instead of heal. He makes Arnold uneasy, and maybe Kay chooses to ignore his prying of their private lives because of her desperation. But he is a shrink that has given couples therapy for so long that he supposedly lays claim to the secrets that make marriages work, and for that Arnold is forced to begrudgingly trust him. He gives both of them tips and various ‘sexercises’ to help them start the ball rolling — some work, and some fail. Miserably.

And this is the source of my biggest issue with the movie: its treatment of marriage, its overt idealization of it, the way it packages crumbling unions like a broken machine or a sick body, something that can be fixed or medicated until its back to form. The movie made Kay fight tooth and nail even when Arnold was totally, utterly unbearable. Maybe I’m just cynical, but I didn’t find it particularly believable that he would have a sudden change of heart after just a week of therapy with a heart as hardened as his. It seems to me that his inner romantic wasn’t dormant, but plain, old dead, and the movie’s rushed third act didn’t help convince me otherwise.  The film’s wrenching heart is in Streep, who gave a much more affected, believable performance.

But I guess that’s the special cultural niche of romantic comedies, to draw out our inner romantics and make us believe in the possibility of eternal love despite the occasional bumps. Real life, however, just isn’t that perfect.

Paul Muni’s Tony Camonte is the prototypical American gangster, and Scarface the prototypical gangster movie. It begins, however, with an indictment of gang culture, with a title card calling it a “constantly increasing menace to our safety and liberty” and a challenge to its audience, “what are YOU going to do about it?” Throughout the movie, you can feel the tension between the producers and the censors who insisted on giving it a clearer moral position (they were the ones who insisted on giving this movie the subtitle The Shame of a Nation, for example). The movie straddles the line between the glorification and condemnation of their lifestyle, but even when the film tried to do the latter, it still mystified and made the underworld alluring.

Scarface tells the classic story of a gangster who broke every rule to be the big boss in his little pond. It is a tale of seductive, unbridled ambition, and how the pursuit of power corrupts further even the already corrupted. Tony was based off Al Capone, who was rumored to love this movie so much he kept a personal copy. And it shows — Tony has the criminal energy and enthusiasm that only the most notorious gangster could ever possess. His life revolves around the acquisition of money, guns and girls, and as he amassed more and more wealth, the movie’s impulse to be moralistic kicks in and his greed eventually consumes him.

Much of his crimes are motivated by the same innovative and entrepreneurial spirit that has defined the United States during the roaring 20′s. Outside his window is a big neon sign that says “The World is Yours”, a creed that encapsulates his limitless appetites. His aggressive takeovers of bars, ensuring that they all sourced their bootleg alcohol from him, isn’t that different from the way industrial capitalists sought to establish monopolies in more legitimate trades. Similar to other gangster movies, the American Dream is perverted and implanted on the criminal enterprise.

But even then, there are certain things he holds sacred. His family, most especially his sister Cesca, is one of those things. That’s the way the Italian gangsters have been depicted ever since the 1930s, always drawing the line right at their family’s doorsteps. Tony, of course, is no different, with his watchful eye on his sister bordering on the incestuous. Cesca, as it turns out, is his weakness and his love for her, however misguided, eventually led to his downfall. He is humanized, but not redeemed.

in terms of a broader sociological commentary of America, this movie doesn’t do much to explain the existence of Tony and his fellow thugs. His violence is brushed off as something innate, a product of an inherently monstrous nature.  This perhaps is consistent with the movie’s goals not to glorify violence. After all, if you remove the blame on the institution, then the criminal has no one to blame for his criminality but himself.

Brian De Palma’s 1983 remake gave the character of Tony more depth and nuance, but there is something more primal and more enticing with Muni’s version of this character. Maybe it was because he embodied all the fears that came along with The Great Depression, and how he successfully climbed the socioeconomic ladder that the rest of America was also trying to ascend, albeit in more legally acceptable ways. Maybe it was his drive for the best car, the best lady, the best anything that money can buy that appealed to the downtrodden audiences. But for whatever reason, Tony Camonte’s provocative, no-nonsense attitude was something that the authorities feared. And it is that higher power that led to his death.

In his review in Pinoy Weekly, Rolando Tolentino criticizes Ang Nawawala for not possessing any substance beyond the mere glorification of the upper class, projecting their lifestyle as an object of desire for its audience to consume. He says:

Purong pabalat at artifice—purong imahen—ang pelikula…pero hanggang imahen lang, walang substansya maliban sa transformasyon ng elitistang buhay bilang kanasa-nasa sa mas higit na mayoryang umaasam lang ng ganitong buhay.

While I agree that what made Ang Nawawala distinct in this year’s Cinemalaya is its romantic treatment of the elite (unlike, say, The Animals where the elite get their comeuppance simply for being rich), I have a lot of things to say about the accusations he has lobbied against this film, some of which come from a misguided sense of what he thinks independent cinema should be (which ironically, contradicts the very notion of an independent cinema).

To say that this movie is somehow inferior because it is not “self-reflexive” or does not induce guilt in its audience is such a normative, prescriptive take on cinema. It does not behoove any local filmmaker, independent or otherwise, to make movies for the sole purpose of provoking some sense of culpability or moral self-condemnation, particularly because of one’s class, from its audience.

Not all movies have to be a commentary on the sociopolitical status of the country. If anything, local independent cinema is saturated with poverty porn, a trend beautifully satirized by last year’s Ang Babae sa Septic Tank. While some movies admirably are able to incorporate issues of the poor (Engkwentro, Ang Pangagahasa kay Fe, Adela, to name a few), it is not a necessary condition to make a good film. In fact, it is worth celebrating that Ang Nawawala is able to shed light on a class that has been reduced to cringe-worthy telenovela caricatures in Filipino pop culture.

Moreover, it is an extremely hasty generalization to make that films that feature poverty are automatically, inherently, superior because, according to him, they create some sort of distance and therefore enable its audience to establish a critical objectivity by which they can reflect and meditate on their selves and roles in society.

First, I find this very exploitative — isn’t he also commodifying the experience of the poor, making it a required element in art so that it would spark emotions that we otherwise wouldn’t feel? Second, not all movies featuring the poor produce that affect. What about those that use poverty merely for shock or disgust? What about bad movies that don’t inspire audiences to think because well, they’re horrible? I find it very unreasonable to make a universal claim that all movies about the poor are better than all movies about the rich, a conclusion that Tolentino was willing to make. Third, how is aspiration, assuming it does incite that, any less meaningful of a response when it is accompanied by doubt and ennui?

Sa pelikula hinggil sa maykaya, ang kritikal na distansya ay nawawala, na tulad sa Hollywood films, nilalamon para ang sarili ay magkaroon ng (mis)rekognisyon na ito rin ang kanyang mundo, ito ang gusto niyang maging mundo, at ipagkanulo ang sariling mundo.  Ito ang reafirmasyon ng komersyal na media at kulturang popular ng kapitalismo.

Why is he reducing the audience’s response to this movie as simply a conditioned product of capitalist culture? His continuous claim that the movie is simply reproducing the value system that underlies capitalism ignores the humanity of the movie’s story that transcends class boundaries. Universal themes such as the process of grievance, recovering from loss and dealing with a broken family, were subtly developed, albeit in a setting unfamiliar to him and to Philippine cinema in general. One simply had to remove one’s blinders and preconceived expectations on what makes a “Cinemalaya film” in order to see the substance and emotional depth of this movie, that unlike Tolentino opined, were clearly present.

Marie Jamora didn’t have to write poor characters living in the slums in order to tell a compelling story.  She didn’t have to infuse her movie with experiences that were foreign to her for the sake of adding gravitas or weight. When Tolentino says, “Napapanahon na rin sigurong ibuyanyang kung tunay nga bang independent ang namamayagpag na indie cinema sa kasalukuyan,” she shouldn’t be fazed by this grim assessment because it is through unique voices like hers that Philippine independent cinema will continue to thrive.

English: Official Picture for Mr. Marvin Hamli...

Not just a rare EGOT, but an even rarer PEGOT (that’s with a Pulitzer as the cherry on top of an Emmy, Grammy, Oscar and Tony), Marvin Hamlisch and his music is sure to continue to be loved sincerely by romantics and liked ironically by hipsters the world over, with varying levels of appreciation from all kinds of listeners in between. Still scoring films as recently as Soderbergh’s crime comedy The Informant! in 2009, Hamlisch’s range went from dark and heavy dramas such as Sophie’s Choice, to marshmallow-lite fluff like Three Men and a Baby. But what he’ll be most remembered for are his  passionate love themes. The movies and the artists chosen to interpret his songs may be all over the place in terms of artistry, but the melodies themselves are top caliber heartstring-tuggers all the way.

Hamlisch hit an early home run with the inevitable classic The Way We Were, a song that so defined Barbra Streisand’s career she kept trying to out-do it with the themes to her succeeding films, culminating with another collaboration in I’ve Finally Found Someone, a decent song dragged down by Bryan Adam’s unsubtle rasping. Hamlisch again struck gold by heading into more action-packed territory, producing what many consider the best Bond theme, Nobody Does It Better from 1977′s The Spy Who Loved Me. But there must really have been something in the air in 1978 (a year previously dissected on this blog) because that’s when Hamlisch put out what I consider his two most stirring anthems. The films themselves may not have been as memorable, but the songs, oh! they’re stuck forever in our misty water-colored brain matter.

From the mushy Robby Benson skating drama Ice Castles comes talent show and wedding staple Looking Through The Eyes of Love. It can be argued that  Melissa Manchester outsings Barbra in this love anthem, matching Hamlisch’s musical pathos with her bombastic, throaty alto. Despite, or probably because of, the ballad’s sentimental earnestness, it’s recently been used more as a punchline than to provoke swooning these days. One of the best example of this would be this scene in underrated beauty pageant mockumentary Drop Dead Gorgeous, which also features a killer interpretation of Manchester’s hit Don’t Cry Out Loud, written by sometime Hamlisch collaborator and partner Carole Bayer-Sager. Skip to 4:22 on this clip.



From the poignant midlife romance Same Time, Next Year, wherein Marsha Mason and Alan Alda carry on a star-crossed affair, Hamlisch was inspired to pen what I consider the high water mark of his ballad-smithing, the duet The Last Time I Felt Like This. I first heard this sung by 1980s-era Philippine pop stars Timmy Cruz and Louie Heredia, but I guess original interpreters Johnny Mathis and Jane Olivor did it more justice, as seen in this Oscar clip.



As the theme’s slow build and layers of emotion wash over you, memories rush back, and you wonder whether it really was all so simple then, or if time has merely rewritten every line, and when exactly was the last time you felt like that? Then the autonomic response kicks in and it hits you, this was the baby boomers’ “Someone Like You”.

Intent on exposing the grime and the sweltering underbelly of Manila, Law Fajardo takes us to Quiapo in PosasQuiapo holds a strange mix of fanatical reverence and repulsiveness, a reservoir of crooks, fortune tellers, and religious devotees. It becomes a playground for small-time thieves like Jestoni Biag (Nico Antonio), who play Robin Hood to their families by pickpocketing phones and selling them to sidewalk vendors for a fraction of their market price. It’s a way of life that’s already embedded in the narrow walkways of Quiapo, an unwritten truth that should appear in the margins of every Manila guidebook. But a fateful turn will find Jestoni robbed of his freedom and even the sound of the jail doors being unlocked will mean a harsher life ahead.

Posas unravels a tangled web of corruption that exists in our society in different degrees. Its characters make up the stock of its stereotypical world that burns with the myth of the bad cop that gives law enforcement the worst rap conceivable. There’s Grace (Bangs Garcia), the victim who wants to get her iPhone back lest an incriminating video showing her with a married lover turn into a viral video, and there’s the Kingpin police figure Inspector Domingo (menacingly portrayed by Art  Acuña), whose office is as rife with criminals as the inside of the jailhouse is. His officers make a pass on Grace while straddling themselves with authoritarian and bureaucratic limitations, and as they crack Jess open (both literally and figuratively), the slogan “To serve and protect” that lines their vehicles dissolve into a puddle of words devoid of any of its original virtues.

Fajardo follows a procedural so tedious it becomes a long winding descent much like a day at any government agency. The film relies too much on its expose but never delves deeper into the depths of the moral bankruptcy it readily presents. Bursts of energy spike the film (like the intense chase scene in the streets of Quiapo), but they are never enough to flesh out the dark world that Fajardo has been so keen in exploring.

While it’s unfair to compare Posas with Fajardo’s better-received Amok, it’s the latter’s intense meditation on a world gone wrong that also forms the crux of the former. It’s Amok’s fractured build-up that has made it such a thrilling ride, never mind its terse scrutiny that has all been done before. This is something that Posas lacks. Its tale is something we have all been familiar with and have been told in different forms.

It’s only Art Acuña’s Domingo that brings the nightmarish atmosphere into the film. Here is a man who goes through the loopholes of the system, tying ends for his nefarious ways. His case casts a greater evil that exists in the background of the film: voices that orchestrate crimes at the other end of the line. It’s this truth that makes Posas a compelling look into the chaos that surrounds us: that there is a bear trap lying in the seediest parts of the city, waiting for us to take a wrong turn so it could introduce us to a new circle of hell.

Also published on Pelikula Tumblr

Fritz Lang’s M, his first sound film, is startling in its critique of the state and its fundamental distrust of public institutions. Its bleak portrayal of modernism and the ability of law enforcement to maintain order seems to invite its audience to share in its own skepticism of authority and government. Yet it is difficult to make a coherent political reading of this film because it also dismisses the ability of the mob to dispense justice and punishment, or at the very least it is also critical of it. When a monstrous criminal is suddenly humanized  in the film’s final act, we are left with a moral puzzle to untangle, one that still resounds in current discussions of criminal justice and ethics. Fritz Lang gives these debates visual and material form, but his grim worldview seems to be nihilistic about the prospects of resolving them. No matter what form justice takes, there is no consoling the inconsolable.

is part procedural, part courtroom drama and part detective story. When a child murderer hits the streets of a German city, the police is pressured to capture the heinous criminal. At the same time, the underworld composed of gangsters and mafiosos are also implicated by this murderer’s crimes as increased police activity and raids also compromise their operations. This shadowy figure who exists even beyond illegality and the structures that shape it undermine institutions, whether or not they are legitimate before the eyes of the law. Thus, both the police and organized crime go on a manhunt using the resources available to them to quell this threat.

It is at this junction in the film that Lang depicts the police as inept and unable to answer the public’s calls to capture this monster. Investigative techniques that are based on science and empiricism are painfully slow and inefficient. But more importantly, police officers are depicted as unnecessarily aggressive in order to make the presence of the state felt. Because the murderer’s identity is unknown, each person is a suspect and is treated as such. That is the catch-22 faced by law enforcement: the public demands and places pressure for the police to deliver results, but they also detest the intrusions on private life that it necessitates. Everyone is caught in a frustrating circuitous loop that yields no results.

Lang juxtaposes the way the police goes about hunting for this criminal with the underworld’s own strategy. In a playfully edited sequences, we see how both parties differ in their approach as their meetings are interspersed with each other. The gangsters decide to employ the city’s beggars in order to create a carefully disguised surveillance network designed to find the killer. This system, unconstrained by the formalities and the red tape of bureaucracy, undermines the institutions tasked to uphold the law. While the police are left to grab at straws, forcing to treat the most mundane objects as ‘evidence’ and creating leads out of the most tenuous suggestions, Lang sends a clear message on their inefficacy when a blind beggar eventually identifies the killer based simply on a whistled tune.

But while the mob successfully captures the killer, it is far less successful at trying him. When the man pleads insanity, the makeshift court they assemble comes to a standstill. What do we do to people who are beholden to the impulses of their aberrant nature, people whose actions arise from psychological processes beyond their control? It is quite interesting that the gangsters decided to give him a semblance of due process and a shot at a fair trial by providing him with his own defense counsel. But what was supposed to be a formality became a straitjacket. The audience is made to believe that his death sentence was already something set in stone, Lang throws in a curveball and presents a compelling case otherwise.

There are a lot of elements here like the use of shadows and darkness, the realism, the romanticization of the underworld and the aesthetics of German Expressionist cinema that have influenced the successive noir films. But Fritz Lang’s classic stands the test of time because of his prescient take on crime and urban life. He deploys his cinematic technique that he previously used in movies such as The Cabinet of Dr. Caligeri and Metropolis to demonstrate the power of cinema to make pointed political statements. This is what makes M canonical and ahead of its time.

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